An international logistics expert has warned that even a permanent post-Brexit customs union with the EU would not alone mean frictionless trade with the bloc for British businesses.

Mr Johnson, director of Leeds-based Tudor International Freight, explained: “The UK, as a full EU member, is currently part of the bloc’s customs union, covering its constituent countries and some other states.

“A customs union is essentially an arrangement under which nations agree to waive tariffs – import taxes – on goods sent from one member to another. Members also agree to charge common tariffs on items entering their territories from outside countries. Customs unions can take various forms – there are 16 operating globally, their details comprising varying mixes of cross-border integration and national autonomy.”

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